Final answer:
The term for the number of employees leaving a company divided by the total number of positions is the turnover rate, and the measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is referred to as the sex ratio.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to the number of employees leaving the firm divided by the total number of positions in the company is the turnover rate. This metric is used by organizations to assess how often they need to replace employees within a given time period. In contrast, the attrition rate refers to the rate at which members of staff leave the workforce over a given period without being replaced. The retention rate is the opposite of the turnover rate, indicating the proportion of employees that remain employed over time. Lastly, the recruitment ratio isn't a commonly used term in this context and doesn't describe the proportion of employees leaving or staying.
Regarding the measure that compares the number of men to women in a population, the correct term is the sex ratio. This is a demographic concept used in the fields of demography and social sciences to analyze the makeup of a population.