Final answer:
The Renaissance and Reformation periods did indeed see a call for universal education, which is considered true. Education became more inclusive with a focus on literacy and morality, especially following the Reformation. Similar educational reforms later occurred in the United States, influenced by figures such as Horace Mann.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the Renaissance and Reformation periods saw the first call for universal education is generally true. Although the connection between the call for education and the Renaissance and Reformation is complex, it is clear that during the Renaissance, there was a renewed interest in learning, with many thinkers emphasizing the importance of education for both moral and intellectual development. Similarly, leaders of the Reformation, like Martin Luther, advocated for the education of all children, not just those of the elite. Luther's emphasis on reading the Bible in one's own language increased the focus on literacy and education. Furthermore, the establishment of state-funded schools in Germany and elsewhere during the Renaissance and Reformation eras signaled a move towards more inclusive education.
The market revolution certainly brought many social and economic changes to the United States, which is a statement that is also true. This transformation in the U.S. economy during the 19th century significantly altered many aspects of American life, resulting in increased mobility, the growth of cities, and changes in work patterns.
During the Second Great Awakening, characteristics such as greater religious education for children and higher church attendance were prevalent, while the emphasis on nature was not typically associated with this movement.
American reformers like Horace Mann were instrumental in advancing public education in the 19th century. By advocating for standardized schooling that taught academic subjects alongside morals and discipline, they paved the way for the education system we recognize today.