Question

Which of the following discipline strategies by parents may interfere with the child's development and moral reasoning?

a. Use of time-out
b. Withdrawing privileges
c. Corporal punishment
d. Negative reinforcement

Answer 1

Corporal punishment and negative reinforcement strategies can interfere with a child's development and moral reasoning.

Step-by-step explanation:

The discipline strategies by parents that may interfere with a child's development and moral reasoning are corporal punishment and negative reinforcement.

Corporal punishment involves physically punishing a child, such as spanking, hitting, or other forms of physical abuse. This can teach fear and aggression, and may have long-term negative effects on a child's behavior.

Negative reinforcement involves removing a negative stimulus in order to increase the chances of a desired behavior. However, using negative reinforcement as a discipline strategy can sometimes undermine a child's moral reasoning by teaching them that avoiding punishment is more important than making ethical choices.

Answer 2

Corporal punishment is the discipline strategy that may interfere with child development and moral reasoning, as it can increase aggression and antisocial behaviors. Unlike other methods such as time-outs or negative reinforcement, corporal punishment involves physical discipline that can lead to undesirable consequences in a child's behavioral development.

The correct option is c. Corporal punishment

Step-by-step explanation:

The discipline strategy by parents that may interfere with a child's development and moral reasoning is corporal punishment. Corporal punishment can lead to increased aggression, antisocial behavior, and a higher tendency toward delinquency in children. Utilizing corporal punishment may teach a child to respond to anger or frustration with physical aggression because they observe this behavior from their parents as a means of handling conflict. In comparison, the use of time-out (negative punishment), withdrawing privileges, or negative reinforcement does not involve physical discipline and typically does not produce the same negative developmental impacts as corporal punishment.

Positive punishment, which can involve having a child write out an apology or admit fault, may negatively affect the child if overused by producing fear towards the enforcer of the punishment, potentially leading to further behavioral issues. On the other hand, negative punishment, like a time-out, effectively teaches the child to restrain from the undesired behavior without the same risk of instilling fear or aggression.

Experts now generally recommend strategies that involve reinforcement over punishment. Positive reinforcement rewards a child for their good behavior, which is a healthier way to shape behavior and support a child's moral development.