Final answer:
The peaceful division of Middle and South America between Portugal and Spain was achieved through the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.
Step-by-step explanation:
The peaceful division of Middle and South America between Portugal and Spain was achieved through the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. The treaty established a Line of Demarcation, which divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between the two countries. Portugal gained trading power in Africa and Asia, while Spain gained the rights to build its empire in the Americas.