Final answer:
To prevent cavities, sugar substitutes like xylitol and artificial sweeteners reduce the risk of tooth decay. Xylitol, in particular, has been found effective in toothpaste for children. Non-nutritive sweeteners are also used for medical conditions requiring controlled carbohydrate intake.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sugar substitutes that prevent cavities include certain sugar alcohols and artificial sweeteners that can reduce the risk of dental caries, often found in products like sugarless gum and toothpaste. Xylitol, for example, has been highlighted in studies for its effectiveness at preventing dental caries in children's permanent teeth, potentially even more so than fluoride alone. Xylitol works by reducing the production of acids in the mouth that contribute to tooth decay since it is fermented into nonacidic compounds. However, it's important to note that excess consumption may cause gastrointestinal distress.
Routine dental cleanings and fluoride treatments are also critical for maintaining oral health as they help in the early detection of decay, removal of tartar, and the strengthening of minerals in teeth. Moreover, it's essential to minimize the consumption of sugary foods and drinks—including sodas, sports drinks, and sweetened waters—to prevent the damage caused by microbial fermentation of these sugars.
Non-nutritive sweeteners such as saccharin, cyclamates, and aspartame offer an alternative for those needing to control their carbohydrate intake for health reasons such as diabetes, as they do not contribute significantly to caloric intake.