Final answer:
The excluded category from the learning style approach mentioned is option 'c. activist learners', as it is not part of Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences. Instead, Gardner includes intelligences such as linguistic, spatial, and musical. The concept of dynamic, learner-centered art aligns with the visual learning style approach, supporting visual learners by emphasizing key components in illustrations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question being addressed concerns learning styles. In the learning style approach being referred to, the category that is excluded is c. activist learners. This term is not recognized as part of Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory, which includes categories such as linguistic, spatial, and musical abilities, among others. Creative intelligence is also not part of Gardner's theory, however, the term is often associated with divergent thinking which might be considered a blend of other intelligences rather than a separate category.
Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences posits that intelligence is more diverse than what is typically measured by standard IQ testing. It encompasses a wide range of human capabilities. The question seems to reference a learning style model that is being compared to Gardner's Multiple Intelligences. However, it is important to clarify that Gardner himself does not explicitly connect his theory to specific learning styles; instead, his theory implies that people have different kinds of intelligences. Dynamic, Learner-Centered Art that uses visual elements aimed at focusing student learning complements the types of intelligences and learning styles like visual learners and could theoretically engage multiple intelligences such as spatial intelligence.