Final answer:
Deep learning algorithms pose challenges to explainable AI due to their complexity, complicating efforts to understand and ensure they align with human values and safety.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is C: Deep learning algorithms. These algorithms are a challenge to explainable AI because they involve complex neural networks that have multiple layers of processing, making it difficult to understand how they weigh attribute importance or make decisions. This complexity contributes to the unpredictability and difficulty in controlling artificial intelligence, raising concerns about transparency, especially when relating to the biases of algorithms.
Issues of AI transparency have significant implications for society. They intersect with legal and ethical questions about whether AI is harmful or helpful to society. The difficulty in dissecting deep learning algorithms complicates efforts to diagnose and correct biases, leading to challenges in ensuring the technology aligns with human values and safety, as discussed by philosopher Nick Bostrom and reflected in industry concerns.