Final answer:
The correct term for a dataset column that cannot directly identify an individual, such as a zip code, is a Quasi-identifiable column. Researchers need to handle such data carefully as it can sometimes be combined with other data to identify a person.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the student's question is A: Quasi-identifiable column. A quasi-identifier is a type of data that cannot directly identify an individual, but when combined with other quasi-identifiers, it can potentially be used to identify a person. An example of a quasi-identifier is a zip code. While a zip code in isolation is not enough to identify someone, if combined with other data elements like birthdate and gender, it might be possible to identify an individual. In contrast, a sensitive column would include data that is directly tied to an individual's privacy, such as Social Security numbers or medical records. A non-sensitive column contains data that is non-identifiable and general information with no privacy implications. Personally identifiable information (PII) is data that directly identifies an individual, such as a name or an email address. Qualitative data, such as hair color or ethnic group, provides categorical information that can sometimes serve as a quasi-identifier depending on the context and the other data available. Researchers must be cautious when handling qualitative data to ensure that privacy is maintained.