Final answer:
An example of a diagnostic error could be a false negative or a false positive test result. In practice, diagnostic errors can also include mislabeling of specimens and failure to correctly apply medical knowledge. A real-life example is if a patient receives a false negative result for a C. difficile infection despite showing symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
An example of a diagnostic error in medicine could be when a patient receives either a false positive or a false negative result on a test for an infection or condition. A false negative occurs when the test indicates that an infection or condition is absent, even though it is actually present. Conversely, a false positive result means that the test incorrectly indicates the presence of an infection or condition when it is not present. Additionally, in practice, a diagnostic error can occur if a specimen is mislabeled or if there is a failure to correctly apply medical knowledge in urgent, complex situations.
Case in Point
Consider the case of an elderly patient named Javier, who was administered broad-spectrum antibiotics to minimize infection risk after a cardiac procedure. Despite preventive measures, he developed symptoms that suggested a possible C. difficile infection. If a NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) were to incorrectly show no infection present, it could be considered a false negative, especially if Javier's condition is consistent with a C. difficile infection.