Final answer:
Upper-middle-income countries are those with a GNI per capita ranging from $4,036 to $12,475, including nations like Argentina and China.
Thus, the correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
Upper-middle-income countries, also known as industrializing or developing countries, are those with a GNI per capita ranging from $4,036 to $12,475. This classification is based on the World Bank's economic classification system, which is updated annually. Among the examples of upper-middle-income nations are Argentina, Mexico, China, Iran, Turkey, and Namibia. These nations are part of a larger group of middle-income countries that are significant both in population and economic contribution, housing the majority of the world's population but only producing about a third of the global GNI.
Therefore the correct option is B. $4,036 to $12,475.