Final answer:
The predominant circulating form of estrogen during menopause is estrone, which is produced in peripheral tissues. Hormone therapy can alleviate menopausal symptoms but is used with caution due to potential risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
Menopause and Estrogen Levels
During menopause, the predominant circulating form of estrogen changes due to the reduction in ovarian function. The most common estrogen in menopausal women is estrone, not estradiol, which is the primary estrogen during the reproductive years. Estrone levels become higher relative to estradiol because the primary source shifts from the ovaries to peripheral tissues where androgens are converted to estrone. The diminished estrogen levels contribute to various health concerns, including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and challenges in cholesterol management.
Hormone therapy (HT) can help mitigate some symptoms of menopause by supplementing synthetic estrogens and progestins. However, there's ongoing debate about the benefits and risks of HT due to concerns about an increased risk for conditions such as breast cancer and cardiovascular disease highlighted in several studies, including the Women's Health Initiative study.
Current guidelines suggest the use of HT for a limited duration at the onset of menopausal changes to reduce symptoms such as hot flashes. Regular health screenings are recommended for those undergoing HT.