Final answer:
The intersection points of Earth's magnetic dipole with its surface are known as the north magnetic pole and the south magnetic pole, with the former being located near the geographic North Pole and the latter near the geographic South Pole.
Step-by-step explanation:
The points where the magnetic dipole intersects the surface of the Earth are called the north magnetic pole and the south magnetic pole. These points are where Earth's internal magnet, which can be thought of as a giant bar magnet running through its core, intersects with Earth's surface.
The north magnetic pole is located near Earth's geographic North Pole, and conversely, the south magnetic pole is located near Earth's geographic South Pole. It is important to note that the magnetic pole located in the Arctic (near the geographic North Pole) is actually the magnetic south pole because it attracts the north pole of magnets, pointing to the concept that unlike poles attract each other.
Essential Knowledge 2.D.3 in physics explains that a magnetic dipole placed in a magnetic field, such as the Earth's, will tend to align with the magnetic field vector. Hence, a compass needle aligns itself with Earth's magnetic field: its north pole points towards the magnetic south pole near the geographic North Pole, and its south pole points towards the magnetic north pole near the geographic South Pole.