Final answer:
In a model that prioritizes equality in outcomes, 'Error rate parity' is the closest term related to the options provided. However, the broader discussion in social studies implies that certain policies like free public education can enhance both equality and economic output simultaneously.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of social studies and the tradeoff between economic output and equality, the question hints at different models that could prioritize equality in outcomes. A model that prioritizes equality on the outputs is most closely associated with (C): Error rate parity. This concept suggests that you would aim to have the same rates of errors for different groups, thereby ensuring that no one group is disadvantaged by the prediction errors of the model.
However, the provided information brings in an economic perspective and posits that, in some cases, the pursuit of equality may actually contribute to economic growth. An example of this would be the policy of providing free public education, which not only redistributes resources but also invests in the future skilled workforce, potentially expanding economic output while also improving equality.