Final answer:
Brunelleschi incorporated elements of ancient Roman architecture in his designs, using perspective in the Church of Santo Spirito and a double-walled system in the Pazzi Chapel. His plan for S. Maria degli Angeli was influenced by ancient Roman architecture and used a long axis to direct focus on the altar.
Step-by-step explanation:
Filippo Brunelleschi, an architect during the Renaissance period, incorporated elements of ancient Roman architecture in his designs. In the Church of Santo Spirito, Brunelleschi used the method of perspective, which he learned from studying the ruins in Rome, to create a realistic representation of the church through a perspective drawing. This technique allowed him to accurately depict the spatial reality of the building.
For Brunelleschi's Pazzi Chapel, the plan was generated based on a double-walled system using lightweight bricks laid in a herringbone pattern. This design allowed the dome to rise higher and be more substantial than before. The structure of the dome was supported by internal horizontal stone and iron chains, embedded within the inner dome.
Brunelleschi's intended plan for S. Maria degli Angeli, the basilica in Florence, was to create a long axis that focused attention on the altar. This plan was influenced by ancient Roman architecture, particularly the central plan which was popular among High Renaissance architects. The circular shape of some ancient Roman structures, such as the Pantheon, may have also influenced Brunelleschi's design.