Final answer:
During the first phase of a risk assessment, a nurse would most likely determine if a chemical is associated with negative health effects by reviewing literature and health databases. This step is foundational before considering the amount, routes of exposure, or potential harm predictions that come in later phases of risk assessment.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the first phase of a risk assessment, the nurse is likely trying to answer the question: Is the chemical known to be associated with a negative health effect? This initial step aims to identify whether there is a potential risk to health based on existing knowledge about the chemical. It involves a review of scientific literature and health effect databases to establish if there is a recognized association between the chemical and adverse health outcomes. The subsequent phases of risk assessment would typically address the other questions, such as estimating the amount that can enter the body, the routes of exposure, and the prediction for potential harm.
Understanding the routes of exposure is crucial; chemicals can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption. Once inside, they can reach target organs and potentially cause damage. For instance, if a person accidentally swallows radioactive material, information about the amount and type of material, along with the individual's susceptibility, duration of exposure, and other factors, would be required to assess possible damage accurately.