Final answer:
A visitor from Japan on a 2-week vacation is best described as a nonimmigrant, as they are in the U.S. temporarily and do not intend to stay permanently. Nonimmigrants differ from refugees, legal immigrants, and lawful permanent residents, the latter having the ability to live and work in the U.S. indefinitely, though without the right to vote or hold public office.
Step-by-step explanation:
The visitor from Japan who comes to the United States for a 2-week vacation best fits the description of a nonimmigrant. A nonimmigrant is someone who enters the United States temporarily for a specific purpose, such as tourism, business, or education and has no intention of staying permanently. This is different from a refugee, who is seeking protection from persecution; a legal immigrant, who intends to live permanently in the U.S.; and a lawful permanent resident, who has been granted the right to live permanently in the U.S. but is not necessarily a citizen yet. The process for becoming a permanent resident or citizen involves meeting specific requirements and potentially benefiting from certain privileges such as living and working anywhere in the U.S., attending public schools, and joining the armed forces. Legal permanent residents cannot vote or hold public office but may have other rights and protections under U.S. law.