Final answer:
An algorithm is a specific set of instructions a computer uses to solve problems, akin to a recipe. It differs from a heuristic, which is a general framework, and is widely used in computer science for functions like search engines.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best description of what an algorithm is would be 'C: A recipe that a computer uses to solve problems.' An algorithm is a problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions. These instructions, when followed exactly, produce the same result each time, much like a recipe. Algorithms are essential in fields such as computer science, where they are used to create precise and efficient problem-solving methods, for example in search engines or social media feeds.
Comparatively, a heuristic is a more general problem-solving framework, which acts as a mental shortcut to find solutions faster but not always as accurately as an algorithm would. In various situations where we interact with technology, whether it's conducting an online search or engaging with an app, algorithms are at play to structure our experience and process information.