Final answer:
The algorithm described is a learning algorithm, as it adjusts its sorting technique based on the success of previous attempts, optimizing future performance similar to machine learning concepts.
Step-by-step explanation:
An algorithm that takes an input, tries 10 different sorting techniques, and uses the best fit on the next 100 inputs can be best described as a learning algorithm. Unlike an explicit algorithm, which follows a defined set of rules and procedures without deviation, a learning algorithm adapts its strategy based on prior outcomes to optimize future performance. This process is akin to the concept of machine learning, where algorithms are trained and improve upon receiving new data.
Algorithms are problem-solving strategies characterized by a specific set of instructions. In contrast, a heuristic is a general problem-solving framework that acts as a mental shortcut to quickly make decisions, but does not guarantee a correct result every time.