Final answer:
The READ UNCOMMITTED isolation level allows the reading of dirty data in a database transaction environment, unlike other more stringent isolation levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
The isolation level that allows the reading of dirty data is READ UNCOMMITTED. Dirty data refers to uncommitted changes made by a transaction; such data can be seen by other transactions only in the READ UNCOMMITTED isolation level. This means that it's possible to read the value of an uncommitted transaction that could potentially be rolled back or altered before being committed, leading to unreliable results. Other isolation levels like READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ, and SERIALIZABLE prevent this level of visibility to maintain data integrity and consistency at different degrees.