Final answer:
A nontariff barrier (NTB) includes all of the following except ad valorem duty.
Step-by-step explanation:
A nontariff barrier (NTB) includes all of the following except:
- Quotas: Quotas are limits set on the quantity of goods that can be imported into a country.
- Discriminatory procurement policies: These policies favor domestic suppliers over foreign suppliers when the government purchases goods and services.
- Restrictive administrative policies: These policies impose bureaucratic procedures and paperwork that make it difficult and costly to import products.
- Restrictive technical regulations: These regulations set specific standards and requirements for imported products, making it harder for foreign businesses to comply.
- Ad valorem duty: Ad valorem duty is a type of tariff that is based on a percentage of the value of the imported goods.
Therefore, the correct answer is E) ad valorem duty, as it is not an example of a nontariff barrier.