Final answer:
Apple, Acer, Seagate, and Nike each optimize their value chains according to their business strengths and roles in their respective industries, with Apple focusing on design and outsourcing assembly, Acer directly engaging in manufacturing, Seagate emphasizing R&D and manufacturing, and Nike specializing in branding and marketing while outsourcing production.
Step-by-step explanation:
Apple, Acer, Seagate, and Nike each manage their value chain differently based on their unique business models and strategic focuses within the global economy. Apple is known for its strong design and engineering capabilities, typically handling these key value chain activities in the United States while outsourcing manufacturing, like assembling parts which are often supplied from various countries including Korea, to China. Acer, on the other hand, is involved in direct manufacturing of its products, often performing assembly in its own factories or through subcontractors. Seagate, as a manufacturer of storage devices like hard drives, participates heavily in the manufacturing and research and development segments of the value chain, with emphasis on innovation for data storage solutions. Nike's value chain is characterized by its focus on design, marketing, and branding while outsourcing its manufacturing primarily to lower-cost regions. The way in which these companies split their value chains allows them to focus on specific competencies, driving innovation and efficiency within each stage of their product's lifecycle.