Final answer:
Lean manufacturing does not include push manufacturing; it focuses on zero defects, reduced setup time, small lot sizes, and reliable vendors, and it operates on pull systems driven by actual demand.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristics of lean manufacturing include all the following except push manufacturing. Lean manufacturing is characterized by approaches such as zero defects, where quality is emphasized to avoid errors and waste; reduced setup time and small lot sizes, which allow for greater flexibility and efficiency; and having reliable vendors, which ensures a consistent and uninterrupted supply chain. Push manufacturing, on the other hand, is not a characteristic of lean manufacturing, as lean manufacturing focuses on pull systems that are driven by actual demand rather than forecasts. Examples of this include just-in-time delivery, which necessitates close proximity between suppliers and the main assembly plant, and the efficiency of the assembly line.