Question

Which of these characteristics are innate?

A. Found in all multicellular plants and animals
B. Receptors are encoded in the germ line
C. Recognized broad classes of pathogens
D. Responds more quickly upon secondary exposure to pathogens
E. A,B and C

Answer 1

Innate characteristics refer to traits or abilities that are present from birth and are not acquired through experience or learning. In the context of the immune system, characteristics A, B, and C are innate.

Step-by-step explanation:

Innate characteristics refer to traits or abilities that are present from birth and are not acquired through experience or learning. In the context of the immune system, characteristics A, B, and C are innate.

Characteristics A, B, and C are innate because they are found in all multicellular plants and animals, receptor genes are encoded in the germ line, and they allow the immune system to recognize broad classes of pathogens.

For example, in plants, innate immunity involves physical barriers like the cell wall, while in animals, it involves innate immune cells like phagocytes that can recognize specific patterns associated with pathogens.