Final answer:
Jane Roe, in the case Roe v. Wade, successfully challenged the Texas law restricting abortions, leading to the Supreme Court striking it down, ruling that the Constitution protects a woman's right to have an abortion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The challenge to the law in question was brought by Jane Roe, a pseudonym for Norma McCorvey, in the landmark legal case Roe v. Wade. The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately decided to strike down the Texas law that prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life, declaring that the Constitution protects a woman's right to terminate a pregnancy. Roe v. Wade is a significant case in United States legal history, not just for its immediate impact on abortion rights but also for its lasting influence on the interpretation of the Constitution and individual rights.