Final answer:
Coronary artery disease is the condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the heart, causing chest pain known as angina, and can lead to myocardial infarction, or a heart attack.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition defined by narrowed arteries that reduce blood flow in the heart and cause chest pain is coronary artery disease (c). This condition, also known as coronary heart disease, occurs when the buildup of plaque within the walls of the coronary arteries causes atherosclerosis—a hardening and narrowing of the arteries. This impedes the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, leading to symptoms such as angina pectoris. Moreover, if the blood supply is completely blocked, it can result in myocardial infarction (MI), commonly called a heart attack, which can damage the heart muscle and is potentially life-threatening.