Final answer:
The master cylinder is the component that sends pressurized brake fluid to different brake circuits, amplifying the force from the brake pedal through hydraulic pressure based on Pascal's principle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The component that sends pressurized brake fluid to two different brake circuits is known as the master cylinder. The function of the master cylinder is to take the force applied by the driver on the brake pedal, amplify it through mechanical leverage and a hydraulic system based on Pascal's principle, and send it to the wheel cylinders or brake calipers, which then act to slow down or stop the vehicle. The force applied to the pedal is transferred to the master cylinder, which in turn pressurizes the brake fluid and sends it through the brake lines to the wheel cylinders at each wheel.
For example, if a force of 100 N is applied to the brake pedal, this force is transmitted to the master cylinder. The master cylinder, which has a smaller diameter compared to the wheel cylinders, creates a higher pressure that is evenly distributed to the wheel cylinders. Each wheel cylinder, having a larger diameter than the master cylinder, will generate a greater force than the force input at the pedal, effectively stopping the car.