Final answer:
The measure of the number of sales transactions a computer system can handle within a specified period is known as throughput, a key performance metric in computer systems. Other performance metrics include computing capacity and performance ratio, and there are various approaches to measuring productivity such as efficiency and economies of scale.
Step-by-step explanation:
The number of sales transactions that can be entered within a specified period of time is a measure of the computer system's throughput. Throughput is a key performance metric in computer systems that indicates the amount of work a system can handle in a given time frame. It is essentially the rate at which a system processes data or transactions. Other measures of computer system performance can include computing capacity, which is the overall ability of the computer to perform various tasks, and performance ratio, which can refer to various specific ratios used to describe aspects of computing performance.
In broader terms of productivity, there are indeed several ways to measure it beyond the amount produced per hour of work. These can include measures of efficiency, like the capacity factor which is defined as the ratio of actual performance over time to the peak possible performance. Moreover, in terms of economics, economies of scale play an important role, as they refer to a situation where, as the quantity of output goes up, the cost per unit goes down, which can indicate a more productive operation.