Final answer:
Postpartum depression is caused by a combination of hormonal changes, psychological adjustments, and life stressors. A history of depression and lack of support are major risk factors. Ongoing stress and negative psychological attributes can also contribute to its development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The causes and risk factors for postpartum depression are multifaceted, often including biological, psychological, and social factors. Hormonal changes after childbirth, lack of sleep, and the psychological adjustments to parenting can all contribute to the onset of postpartum depression. Additionally, a history of depression or mental illness, stressful life events, and lack of social support are significant risk factors.
Risk factors such as a stressful pregnancy or traumatic birth, as well as personal or family history of depression, increase the likelihood of postpartum depression. Moreover, ongoing stress, such as financial troubles or marital difficulties, can also elevate the risk. Certain studies, including research by Mazure (1998), Halligan et al. (2007), and Rottenberg et al. (2014), highlight the role of life stressors, disruptions of daily rhythms like cortisol secretion, and negative psychological attributes in contributing to depressive disorders, which can extend to the postpartum period.