Final answer:
A benchmark is the term used to describe a standard set of tests that evaluate the performance of a system under a representative workload, providing throughput measures for comparison.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for a representative workload, processed on a vendor's proposed system configuration to obtain comparative throughput measures, is a benchmark. This involves a set of standardized tests that assess the performance and capability of various systems and components. Running benchmarks is crucial in understanding how well a particular hardware or software setup will perform under specific workloads. By simulating real-world processing conditions, organizations can make more informed decisions about which technology solutions will best meet their needs. The benchmark serves as a critical tool in the system selection and procurement process, distinguishing itself from other types of tests like RFP tests, time trials, and systems analysis tests, which may serve other purposes but not specifically designed for throughput measurement.