Final answer:
The method described for integrating various internal and external processes and systems is known as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), typically used in business and engineering contexts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject described in the query provides a comprehensive method for integrating manual and automated internal processes, applications, and systems, and also includes integration to external partners and services. This definition aligns most closely with C. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). ERP systems are designed to coordinate all the resources, information, and activities needed to complete business processes. They often include features such as human software interactions, which consider the decision-making processes of workers that are supported by the software system. These systems are essential in the engineering design process and in the development of design architecture, as they help in assigning functional elements of a product to the physical building blocks of the product.