Final answer:
An integrated system of computer-based and manual components designed for data management and output generation is known as an information system. It is akin to a computer memory system in functionality and has become ubiquitous since the integration of microprocessors into various electronic devices.
Step-by-step explanation:
A system that consists of an integrated set of computer-based and manual components established to collect, store, and manage data and to provide output information to users is a information system.
This definition aligns with the memory as an information processing system, resembling how computers operate. As computers encode, store, and retrieve information, so does the memory in cognitive processes.
The concept of a system, according to Essential Knowledge 5.A.1, refers to an object or a collection of objects without considering their internal structure. In the context of information systems, objects can be microprocessors, software, databases, and user interfaces that work together to process data into meaningful information.
The introduction of microprocessors in various devices since the 1980s has led to the creation of sophisticated computer systems that manage diverse types of information. These computer systems are integral in various fields such as financial management, education, health care, and Geographic Information Science (GIS).
Therefore the correct option is D.information system.