Final answer:
Punishments for not complying with laws in ancient civilizations ranged from harsh bodily punishments and death in the Qin dynasty to exile and loss of citizenship during the Roman era, with variations depending on social status and citizenship.
Step-by-step explanation:
The punishment for those who did not comply with various ancient laws varied widely depending on the civilization and the nature of the offense. In the Qin dynasty, punishments were extremely harsh and could include bodily mutilation, death by boiling, penal servitude, and the execution of a person's family. In contrast, during the Roman era, punishment could include exile, loss of citizenship, and even specific placement in undesirable locations as a further penalty. The threat of exile was a form of punishment in itself, with the fear of being cast out from the community or made to live far from one's home considered a serious consequence. The period of the Roman Republic and Empire also featured a variety of punishments based on the stature and citizenship of the individual, with protections in place for Roman citizens that were not extended to non-citizens or those of lower social standing.