Question

Why do eukaryotic cells usually have gene regulation at more levels than bacteria? Select all that apply.

a) Eukaryotic cells have a more complex genome structure.
b) Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
c) Eukaryotic cells undergo more stages of transcription and translation.
d) Eukaryotic cells lack mechanisms for environmental adaptation.

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells usually have gene regulation at more levels than bacteria due to their complex genome structure, membrane-bound organelles, and multiple stages of transcription and translation.

Step-by-step explanation:

Eukaryotic cells usually have gene regulation at more levels than bacteria due to several factors:

1. Eukaryotic cells have a more complex genome structure: Eukaryotes have larger genomes with more genes compared to prokaryotes. They can produce more proteins through alternative splicing and alternative start sites in the same gene.
2. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles: Eukaryotes show greater compartmentalization, which allows for greater regulation of gene expression. Transcription and translation occur in separate cellular compartments.
3. Eukaryotic cells undergo more stages of transcription and translation: Regulation of gene expression can happen at any stage, including epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels.