Final answer:
Prophylactic RhoGAM is administered to Rh-negative mothers during weeks 26-28 of pregnancy and within 72 hours after birth to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Step-by-step explanation:
Prophylactic Administration of RhoD Immunoglobulin
Prophylactic RhoD immunoglobulin, commonly known as RhoGAM, is given to pregnant Rh-negative mothers to prevent the antibody response against Rh-positive fetal red blood cells. This is critical to avoid hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), a condition where the mother's immune system attacks the Rh-positive fetal blood cells. RhoGAM is typically administered during weeks 26-28 of pregnancy and within 72 hours following birth. This prophylactic treatment has significantly reduced the incidence of HDN since its introduction. The mother may also receive additional doses after any medical procedure or event that could result in fetal blood crossing into her circulation, such as amniocentesis or abdominal trauma.