Final answer:
The statement equating energy and matter with light is false. Energy and matter have distinct properties from light, which exhibits wave-particle duality. The photoelectric effect can be caused by various types of electromagnetic radiation, not just visible light.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'When energy and matter are paired with light, they are one and the same' is False. Energy and matter can interact with light, which is a form of electromagnetic radiation, but they have distinct properties. Light can be described as having both wave-like and particle-like properties, known as wave-particle duality. This duality exists for all quantum particles but not typically on a macroscopic scale. While matter has mass and occupies space, light as a photon is massless. However, the phenomenon like the photoelectric effect shows that light can impart energy to matter.
Wave-particle duality is an important concept in quantum mechanics and is not applicable to objects on a macroscopic scale. Concerning the photoelectric effect, it is False that visible light is the only type of electromagnetic radiation that can cause it; ultraviolet light and other higher-frequency radiations can also cause photoelectric emission.
While gravity can bend a beam of light, this happens due to general relativity where gravity affects the curvature of spacetime, not because light has rest mass since it does not. In physics, the first law of thermodynamics states that the collective entity of matter and energy in an isolated system is conserved. Still, it should be noted that in physical terms, matter can be converted to energy and vice versa, as in the equation E=mc^2 introduced by Einstein.
The amplitude of a wave is related to its energy, but amplitude affects other waves' amplitudes only when the waves interfere, as is noted when waves are precisely aligned. This carries over to light, where brighter light contains more photons that increase the potential for ejecting electrons. The amplitude of a single wave does not affect another unless they interact. Additionally, increasing the frequency of incoming light increases the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons because the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency.