Final answer:
During the Tokugawa Empire, major technological advancements included gunpowder weapons which played a significant role in warfare, and the printing press which supported a burgeoning publishing industry and a high level of literacy. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major technological advancements of the Tokugawa Empire included gunpowder weapons and the printing press. The printing press greatly influenced the spread of knowledge and culture in Japan during this time. The use of gunpowder weapons, which were introduced by Europeans, began to play a significant role in Japanese warfare as the daimyos were unifying the country.
The Tokugawa era saw a high level of literacy and a thriving publishing industry, supported by the advancements in printing. Additionally, during the Meiji Restoration which came after the Tokugawa period, Japan heavily invested in modernization and industrialization, including railroads and shipbuilding, but this would fall outside of the Tokugawa era.