Final answer:
Renaissance artworks often employed techniques such as linear perspective, foreshortening, chiaroscuro, and sfumato to create depth and realism. Artists like Filippo Brunelleschi and Michelangelo are noted for their use of these methods, greatly enhancing the illusion of three dimensions in their works.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to the techniques used in the creation of Renaissance artworks. During this period, artists like Filippo Brunelleschi and Michelangelo utilized linear perspective, a technique involving receding parallel lines to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on a flat surface. Michelangelo, for instance, applied foreshortening, exaggerating the parts of an object closer to the viewer, evident in his sculpture of David. Another well-known technique from this era is chiaroscuro, which uses the contrast between light and dark to convey depth or volume.
Pietro Perugino, in the painting Christ Handing the Keys to St. Peter, illustrates both linear and atmospheric perspective. Atmospheric perspective involves the use of paler, bluer, and less detailed imagery for objects in the distance, replicating the optical effects of the natural world. Additionally, techniques like sfumato, which blurs outlines to give the illusion of three-dimensionality, were employed during the Renaissance. This blend of artistry and scientific observation marked a significant evolution in artistic expression and technique.