Final answer:
During the Industrial Revolution, cities experienced positive changes such as urbanization and economic growth, alongside negative impacts like poor working conditions and pollution. The rise of urban centers brought opportunities, but also significant social challenges, which led to calls for reform and governmental action.
Step-by-step explanation:
Positive and Negative Changes in Cities During the Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution brought about significant transformations in urban environments. Among the positive changes were the processes of urbanization and economic growth, which led to a proliferation of job opportunities and technological advancements. Cities became the hubs of industrial activity, bringing in diverse populations and fostering a new urban culture that replaced the traditional agrarian lifestyle.
However, these shifts also had their negative consequences. Overcrowded and inadequate housing, pollution of air and water, and the spread of diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis were commonplace. Working conditions often were dire, and the gap between the wealthy and the poor widened significantly, leading to social unrest and calls for reform. The challenges faced by industrial cities prompted various government interventions and social reform movements aimed at addressing the myriad problems associated with rapid urbanization and industrialization.
When evaluating the options provided in the student's question, Option A is factually correct in highlighting both the positive and negative changes that occurred in cities during the Industrial Revolution. Urban centers did indeed experience both urbanization and economic growth, as well as poor working conditions and increased pollution.