Final answer:
Cells differentiate due to unique genetic expression, and mutations can lead to varied evolutionary paths. Differentiation results in specialized cells with different functions despite having the same DNA. Evolutionary paths are influenced by the genetic changes within populations of cells that can occur over generations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cells of an individual may differentiate because of unique genetic expression; mutations in particular cells may lead to different evolutionary paths. Differentiation is the process by which a cell becomes specialized in its size, shape, metabolic activity, and overall function. Although all cells in a multicellular organism contain the same DNA, they only 'read' or express parts of the DNA that are relevant to their specific function. Mutations in DNA can drive diversity and contribute to evolutionary change by altering the genetic makeup of populations over time.
In multicellular organisms, specialization is essential for efficient functioning. A muscle cell, a liver cell, and a skin cell each perform unique roles. These differences arise because each cell type expresses a different subset of genes, serving their specialized purpose. Changes in the environment or developmental stages can further modify gene expression, leading to varied cell states. These cellular changes can sometimes impact the survival and reproduction rates of organisms, influencing evolutionary paths.