Final answer:
A major theme of Homer’s The Iliad is the focus on individual hero's emotions, particularly the wrath of Achilles towards Agamemnon, revealing the complexity of heroism and the values of ancient Greek culture, which prized excellence in both physical prowess and rhetoric. The correct option that identifies the major theme of Homer’s The Iliad is: B) The anger of Achilles is overwhelming, directed at first at Agamemnon.
Step-by-step explanation:
A major theme of Homer’s The Iliad is the wrath of Achilles, especially as it is directed towards Agamemnon at first, which reflects a broader theme of the individual hero's emotions and the impact these have on his relationships with others and the course of the war itself. Homer explores ancient Greek values, beliefs, and practices, and embeds them within the epic narrative.
This manifests through the characters' struggles and their interactions with nature, chance, and the gods. The Iliad particularly reflects on the importance of arete, a concept embodying physical, mental, and moral excellence and success in Greek culture.
Heroes in Homer's work such as Achilles, who is described as invincible except for his heel, and Ajax, who plays dice with Achilles, highlight this theme. Their fates intertwine with both luck and divine will, which critically influence the outcome of their endeavors. It's also notable that the narrative emphasizes how warfare and rhetoric are critical skills in this society for a man's domination over others.
This is demonstrated when Achilles and Ajax engage in a rhetorical battle over Achilles' armor following his death, illustrating the importance of prowess in both speech and battle.