Final answer:
The correct answer is d. None of the tax law rules listed create incentives for tax planning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is d. None of the above. None of the tax law rules listed create incentives for tax planning. Let's go through each option to understand why:
- a. The Federal income tax itself is deductible in determining taxable income: This statement is false. The Federal income tax is not deductible in determining taxable income.
- b. Reducing the amount of income taxes that are paid decreases a taxpayer's allowable deductions: This statement is also false. Reducing the amount of income taxes paid does not decrease a taxpayer's allowable deductions. Deductions are determined by specific tax laws and regulations, not the amount of taxes paid.
- c. The Federal income tax itself is not allowed as a deduction in determining taxable income: This statement is true. The Federal income tax is not allowed as a deduction in determining taxable income.
Therefore, the correct answer is d. None of the above.