Question

Each of the following proteins is a component of both costameres and focal adhesions except

A) β1-integrin.
B) vinculin.
C) talin.
D) α-actinin.
E) dystrophin.

Answer 1

Focal adhesions are structures in cells that serve as mechanical linkers and signaling centers. Talin, vinculin, and paxillin are proteins involved in the formation and strengthening of focal adhesions.

Step-by-step explanation:

Focal adhesions are structures in cells that serve as mechanical linkers and signaling centers. They consist of various components, including transmembrane adhesion receptors (integrins), cytoplasmic proteins (such as talin and vinculin), and actin cytoskeleton. One of the main molecules responsible for cross-linking neighboring integrins is talin, which connects the integrins in focal adhesions to the actin cytoskeleton. Vinculin and paxillin are additional proteins that strengthen the crosslinking and recruitment in focal adhesions.