Final answer:
Eukaryotic cilia and flagella differ in number per cell, length, motion, and function. Cilia are short, numerous, and beat back and forth, while flagella are fewer, longer, and move in a whiplike motion. Both can provide locomotion, but cilia also facilitate the movement of substances along cell surfaces.
Step-by-step explanation:
When comparing and contrasting eukaryotic motile cilia and flagella:
- a. Number present per cell: Cilia are present in large numbers on the surface of eukaryotic cells, while flagella are typically fewer in number, with cells usually having just one or a few flagella.
- b. Length of appendage: Flagella are usually longer, hair-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane, whereas cilia are shorter and more numerous.
- c. Direction of force generated relative to the direction of the appendage: The force exerted by cilia and flagella is different; flagella move in a wave-like motion, whereas cilia beat back and forth.
- d. Function in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes: Both structures can aid in locomotion, but cilia can also move substances along the outer surface of the cell, such as moving mucus in the respiratory tract.
- e. Motion analogy: The motion of flagella can be likened to a flexible whip, while cilia could be compared to the rapid, coordinated oars of a rowing team.