Final answer:
Madame Sophronia can be transformed into a dynamic character by a) describing events and dialogue, b) including some conflict, and c) revealing her character, thus all of the above are required to show her evolution in a story.
Step-by-step explanation:
Transforming Madame Sophronia from a flat, static character to a dynamic one in a short story involves d) All of the above: describing events and dialogue (Exposition), including some conflict (Rising action), and revealing her character to show personal growth and change. This approach ensures that Madame Sophronia's character is developed through actions, descriptions, and dialogue, which are crucial for creating a vivid and engaging narrative. Characterization is the development of characters through various narrative elements, and when a character undergoes significant changes in response to events and conflicts within the story, they are considered dynamic. This process often involves showing the character's internal thoughts, desires, and feelings as they respond to the unfolding plot, interact with other characters, and face various challenges.