Final answer:
Henry's law states that at constant temperature, the concentration of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to its partial pressure and is crucial for understanding gas solubility in physiology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The law of physics that states when the temperature is constant, the concentration of a gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure is Henry's law. This principle is vital in the field of physiology, particularly when understanding how gases are dissolved in the blood and other bodily fluids. For instance, it is Henry's law that helps explain the mechanics of gas exchange in the lungs during breathing.
Other related gas laws include Boyle's law, which relates pressure and volume at a constant temperature, Charles's law, relating volume and temperature at constant pressure, and Dalton's law, dealing with the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases. However, it is specifically Henry's law that describes the solubility of gases in liquids in relation to their partial pressures.