Final answer:
Mountain ranges force moist ocean air to rise and cool, leading to precipitation on the windward side and creating a dry 'rain shadow' on the leeward side.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement about how mountains affect precipitation should read: "Mountain ranges force moist air from oceans to rise as it moves towards land." This happens because the mountains act as barriers that compel the air to rise. As the air rises, it cools, and its moisture content condenses, leading to precipitation on the windward side of the mountain range. The dry air then travels down the leeward side, where it warms up and retains its dryness, leading to little precipitation and creating a "rain shadow" effect. This effect can drastically affect the climate of the regions on either side of the mountain range.