Final answer:
The term 'genetic code' refers to the rules by which a gene sequence is translated into a protein sequence, where each codon in mRNA is mapped to an amino acid in a protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
The manner in which a gene sequence is related to its respective protein sequence is referred to as the genetic code. The genetic code is a set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins. Translation is the process that converts an mRNA sequence into a chain of amino acids to form a protein. Each group of three nucleotides in mRNA, known as a codon, corresponds to one amino acid in a protein. The entirety of this translation process is fundamental to the biological concept of gene expression, which encompasses both transcription and translation, and controls when and how proteins are synthesized within the cell.