Final answer:
The claim that all functional DNA sequences code for protein products is false. DNA includes regions that regulate gene expression and sequences transcribed into functional RNA molecules that do not translate into proteins, reflecting the complexity of genetic information flow as described by the central dogma.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'All functional DNA sequences inside a cell code for protein products' is false. While many DNA sequences do code for proteins, others have different functions. Some DNA sequences are involved in regulatory functions, such as promoters and enhancers, which control the expression of proteins. Additionally, some sequences are transcribed into functional RNA molecules, such as ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA), which are not translated into proteins but are crucial for protein synthesis. Other sequences, like introns within genes, are transcribed into RNA but are then spliced out before translation.
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, but this does not mean that all DNA sequences directly encode proteins. Each cell type expresses a specific set of genes tailored to its function, so not all genes are expressed in every cell. Gene expression can be selective and is regulated according to the needs of the cell or organism at any given time.