Final answer:
Nutrients such as iron and zinc are vital in small amounts as cofactors for enzyme function, aiding in various biological processes. These trace minerals are essential for the effectiveness and proper functioning of enzymes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nutrients needed in small amounts, such as iron and zinc, are essential for the function of some enzymes. These micronutrients, also known as trace elements, often serve as cofactors or coenzymes that are critical for enzymatic activity. Cofactors can be inorganic metal ions or small organic molecules. Some common metal ions acting as cofactors include zinc, magnesium, potassium, and iron. They aid enzymes in carrying out their biological reactions effectively. On the other hand, vitamins, particularly B vitamins, act as coenzymes and assist enzymes in their functions. These nutrients must be obtained through the diet because the body cannot synthesize them sufficiently on its own. For example, zinc is required as a cofactor for the enzyme superoxide dismutase, which plays an important role in protecting cells from damage by free radicals.