Final answer:
Inhibition of the 80s ribosome affects tRNA binding and disrupts the process of elongation, halting protein synthesis. mRNA processing is unaffected by this inhibition, peptide bond formation is disrupted, and ribosome assembly will not accelerate.
Step-by-step explanation:
If the 80s ribosome in the cytoplasm is inhibited, the correct consequence would be that tRNA binding will be affected. tRNA molecules are responsible for bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation. When tRNA cannot bind properly because the ribosome is inhibited, the entire process of elongation is disrupted, leading to a halt in protein synthesis.
The other options presented are not aligned with the result of ribosome inhibition. mRNA processing is independent of ribosomal action and occurs in the nucleus before mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm. Peptide bond formation will not be enhanced; it will be disrupted because the ribosome plays a critical role in catalyzing peptide bond formation between amino acids. Lastly, ribosome assembly will not accelerate as the assembly and function of ribosomes are intricate processes that are impacted by many factors other than translation.
Relating to other substances mentioned, Chloramphenicol would affect the growth of the protein chain as it directly affects peptide bond formation by inhibiting the peptidyl transferase activity of the bacterial 70S ribosome, which is similar in function to the eukaryotic 80S ribosome.